Guatemala is bordered by Mexico, Belize, Honduras, and El Salvador. The country is part of the Mesoamerican Pacific Ring of Fire, featuring volcanic highlands, mountain ranges, lowlands, and extensive coastal plains that shape its diverse climates and ecological zones.

The region includes volcanic chains, tectonic fault lines, and varied terrain from high-altitude plateaus to lowland jungles. Geological activity creates fertile soils and rich ecosystems, influencing rainfall patterns, temperature variation, and microclimates across the country.

Central Guatemala’s climate

Central Guatemala has a subtropical highland climate with mild temperatures year-round. The rainy season lasts from May to October, with frequent afternoon showers, while the dry season from November to April offers sunny, cooler days ideal for sightseeing and trekking.

Spring and autumn are transitional, with occasional rain and moderate temperatures. Microclimates appear near lakes and volcanoes, with cooler air at higher elevations and warmer conditions in valleys. Seasonal changes provide clear skies for cultural exploration in the dry months.

Average monthly temperatures:

  • January: 22°C day / 12°C night, dry
  • February: 23°C day / 12°C night, dry
  • March: 24°C day / 13°C night, dry
  • April: 25°C day / 14°C night, dry
  • May: 25°C day / 15°C night, afternoon showers
  • June: 24°C day / 15°C night, afternoon showers
  • July: 24°C day / 15°C night, afternoon showers
  • August: 24°C day / 15°C night, afternoon showers
  • September: 23°C day / 14°C night, heavy rain
  • October: 23°C day / 14°C night, heavy rain
  • November: 22°C day / 13°C night, dry
  • December: 22°C day / 12°C night, dry

Northern Petén and Maya Lowlands climate

Northern Petén features a tropical wet climate, hot and humid. The rainy season runs from May to October, bringing heavy downpours that feed rivers and wetlands, while the dry season from November to April allows safe travel to Mayan ruins and forest trails.

Spring and autumn show variable rainfall with high humidity. The lowlands’ dense jungles and swamps maintain consistently warm conditions. Rainfall and temperature patterns influence river navigation and eco-tourism, creating distinct seasonal experiences for visitors.

Average monthly temperatures:

  • January: 31°C day / 20°C night, dry
  • February: 32°C day / 21°C night, dry
  • March: 32°C day / 21°C night, dry
  • April: 33°C day / 22°C night, dry
  • May: 32°C day / 22°C night, rain
  • June: 31°C day / 22°C night, heavy rain
  • July: 31°C day / 22°C night, heavy rain
  • August: 31°C day / 22°C night, heavy rain
  • September: 30°C day / 22°C night, heavy rain
  • October: 30°C day / 21°C night, rain
  • November: 30°C day / 21°C night, dry
  • December: 30°C day / 20°C night, dry

Caribbean Coast and Livingston Region climate

The Caribbean Coast has a tropical climate with high humidity. The rainy season occurs from May to October, producing lush mangroves and tropical forests, while the dry season from November to April provides sunny days for beaches and river excursions.

Spring and autumn are wetter, with occasional tropical storms. Coastal winds moderate temperatures, and rainfall patterns support diverse ecosystems. Seasonal variation is critical for planning boat trips, wildlife observation, and cultural events along the Livingston area.

Average monthly temperatures:

  • January: 30°C day / 23°C night, dry
  • February: 31°C day / 23°C night, dry
  • March: 31°C day / 24°C night, dry
  • April: 32°C day / 24°C night, dry
  • May: 32°C day / 25°C night, rain
  • June: 32°C day / 25°C night, heavy rain
  • July: 31°C day / 25°C night, heavy rain
  • August: 31°C day / 25°C night, heavy rain
  • September: 31°C day / 25°C night, heavy rain
  • October: 31°C day / 24°C night, rain
  • November: 30°C day / 24°C night, dry
  • December: 30°C day / 23°C night, dry

Pacific Coast and Volcano Region climate

The Pacific Coast & Volcano Region combines tropical lowland climate and cooler highland zones. Coastal areas are hot and humid, while volcano slopes and highlands are milder. The rainy season is from May to October, and the dry season is from November to April.

Spring and autumn bring occasional rainfall and temperature shifts. Microclimates result from elevation differences. Seasonal changes affect hiking, surfing, and exploration of volcanoes and coastal plains, offering distinct conditions for nature and adventure tourism.

Average monthly temperatures:

  • January: 31°C day / 22°C night, dry
  • February: 32°C day / 22°C night, dry
  • March: 32°C day / 23°C night, dry
  • April: 32°C day / 23°C night, dry
  • May: 31°C day / 23°C night, afternoon showers
  • June: 30°C day / 23°C night, heavy rain
  • July: 30°C day / 23°C night, heavy rain
  • August: 30°C day / 23°C night, heavy rain
  • September: 30°C day / 23°C night, heavy rain
  • October: 30°C day / 23°C night, rain
  • November: 31°C day / 23°C night, dry
  • December: 31°C day / 22°C night, dry

Western Highlands and Highlands climate

The Western Highlands experience a temperate highland climate. The rainy season is from May to October, providing green landscapes, full rivers, and cloud forests. Dry season, November to April, has clear skies suitable for trekking, cultural tours, and scenic lake visits.

Spring and autumn are transitional, with moderate rainfall and temperature variation. Elevation creates cooler conditions in mountain peaks and warmer valleys. Seasonal patterns affect tourism activities, including visits to lakes, volcanoes, and indigenous villages.

Average monthly temperatures:

  • January: 20°C day / 10°C night, dry
  • February: 21°C day / 10°C night, dry
  • March: 22°C day / 11°C night, dry
  • April: 22°C day / 12°C night, dry
  • May: 21°C day / 12°C night, showers
  • June: 20°C day / 12°C night, heavy rain
  • July: 20°C day / 12°C night, heavy rain
  • August: 20°C day / 12°C night, heavy rain
  • September: 20°C day / 12°C night, heavy rain
  • October: 20°C day / 11°C night, showers
  • November: 21°C day / 11°C night, dry
  • December: 20°C day / 10°C night, dry

Southern Lowlands and Southern Coast climate

Southern Lowlands have a tropical climate, warm to hot, 24°C–32°C, with a rainy season from May to October, nourishing coastal plains, rivers, and forests. The dry season from November to April is ideal for beach visits, hiking, and wildlife observation.

Spring and autumn bring moderate rains and slightly cooler temperatures. Coastal humidity supports mangroves, wetlands, and agricultural lands. Seasonal rainfall influences eco-tourism, making this region attractive year-round for diverse outdoor experiences.

Average monthly temperatures:

  • January: 31°C day / 22°C night, dry
  • February: 32°C day / 22°C night, dry
  • March: 32°C day / 23°C night, dry
  • April: 32°C day / 23°C night, dry
  • May: 31°C day / 23°C night, rain
  • June: 30°C day / 23°C night, heavy rain
  • July: 30°C day / 23°C night, heavy rain
  • August: 30°C day / 23°C night, heavy rain
  • September: 30°C day / 23°C night, heavy rain
  • October: 30°C day / 23°C night, rain
  • November: 31°C day / 23°C night, dry
  • December: 31°C day / 22°C night, dry

Guatemala’s diverse climates and ecological zones offer unique experiences year-round. Each region has its own beauty, seasonal patterns, and adventure opportunities, making it an ideal destination for eco-tourism, cultural exploration, and nature-based activities.

When planning your visit, consider the seasonal variations to match your interests – whether hiking volcanoes, exploring Mayan ruins, relaxing by lakes, or enjoying coastal beaches. Guatemala promises unforgettable experiences across its varied landscapes and vibrant culture.